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<span>发布时间：2021-11-10</span><span class="smal-hide">来源：<a href="http://www.googleauthorized.com" target="_blank">火山岩厂家_乌兰察布森?；繁？萍加邢薰?/a></span> </p> </header> <p> 一、<a href="http://www.googleauthorized.com">火山岩</a>的原生活动结构：<br> 1、流线和流面：流面是熔岩在活动过程中片状、板状矿藏以及扁平状火山岩屑定向平行摆放而构成的,流面大致与火山熔岩流底面平行。流线是熔岩在活动过程中，针状、柱状矿藏及长条状火山碎屑定向平行摆放构成的,它能够指示熔岩流相对活动的方向。</p> <p> <img class="wp-image-616" style="width: 300px;" src="http://www.googleauthorized.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021030417314895.jpg" alt="火山岩" srcset="http://www.googleauthorized.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021030417314895.jpg 700w, http://www.googleauthorized.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021030417314895-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><br> 2、流纹结构：流纹结构是因为熔浆活动构成的,它是由不同色彩的条带或矿藏以及拉长的气孔等呈平行摆放的一种结构。流纹结构能够指示熔岩活动面的产状，它首要发育在流纹岩以及其它酸性或碱性火山熔岩中。<br> 3、绳状结构：熔岩流的表面迅速冷凝的外壳受其下活动着的熔岩流的影响而构成的绳状卷曲结构叫绳状结构,它代表了熔岩层的顶面。<br> 4、气孔结构和杏仁结构：当岩浆从火山口溢出时，因为温度和压力下降，其中所含气体向外逃逸，冷凝后没有逃逸的气体保存在火山岩中，构成蝌蚪状、云彩状、管状和不规则状孔洞，叫气孔结构。当气孔被其它矿藏充填时，则称为杏仁结构。气孔结构在浮岩、玄武岩中最为多见,它相对会集分布于各层熔岩的顶部和底部，并大致平行于熔岩层面。<br> 二、<a href="http://www.googleauthorized.com/">火山岩</a>的原生决裂结构：熔岩流在冷凝收缩过程中构成垂直于熔岩流表面的决裂结构，并把熔岩分割成多边形柱状体称为柱状节理。柱状节理常见于玄武岩、安山玄武岩中，还能够发育在火山凝灰岩中，甚至在超浅成岩体中也能够见到。近年来，因为对火山岩柱状节理的深入研究以为单纯冷缩很难构成数米至十余米长的节理。高度规则的玄武岩柱状节理是熔浆在冷凝期间双扩散对流作用引起的?；鹕窖业木隽呀峁够狗⒂泻峤诶?、纵节理和层节理，在<a href="http://www.googleauthorized.com/">火山岩</a>体的前缘部位发育有放射状节理和前缘扇形节理。<br> 三、使用<a href="http://www.googleauthorized.com/">火山岩</a>的原生结构确认火山岩层的顶、底面：在某一结构运动时期内，同一次或相同方法的几次火山作用旋回所构成的一套成分有规则改变、厚度较大的火山岩层和相关的火山碎屑岩层总称为火山岩系?；鹕窖也闶腔鹕窖蚁档幕镜ノ?，它代表了火山岩喷射的一次间歇?；只鹕窖也悴⑷啡掀涠ッ婧偷酌婵墒褂没鹕窖业脑峁估磁卸?。<br> 1、气孔结构和杏仁结构的分布改变：熔岩顶部的气孔和杏仁结构大而多，呈不规则的云朵状；底部则少而小。如果是管状气孔，其分枝指示底面。<br> 2、熔岩玻璃和熔岩渣的存在：中酸性岩浆喷到地表急剧冷凝构成外壳为玻璃质；岩浆中含大量挥发性气体，在熔岩表壳急速逸出，构成表层粗糙的熔渣壳。玻璃质壳和熔渣壳指示<a href="http://www.googleauthorized.com/">火山岩</a>层顶面。<br> 3、熔岩层氧化壳和复原边的存在：岩浆溢出地表与空气直触摸摸，熔岩表面含铁物质被氧化成红色晕膜(红顶)或氧化壳；熔岩底面则处于复原条件，构成暗绿色底边(绿底)。<br> 4、熔岩流使下部岩石烘烤或蜕变：烘热的岩浆与下部围岩触摸，使遭到烘烤的围岩发生褪色现象或呈现触摸蜕变现象，以此可确认熔岩层的顶、底面。</p> </article> <section class="newsbshare smal-hide"> <div class="bshare-custom icon-medium-plus"> <div class="bsPromo bsPromo2"> </div> 分享到：<a title="分享到QQ空间" class="bshare-qzone"></a><a title="分享到新浪微博" class="bshare-sinaminiblog"></a><a title="分享到人人网" class="bshare-renren"></a><a title="分享到腾讯微博" class="bshare-qqmb"></a><a title="分享到网易微博" class="bshare-neteasemb"></a><a title="更多平台" class="bshare-more bshare-more-icon more-style-addthis"></a><span class="BSHARE_COUNT bshare-share-count" style="float: none;">0</span> <span class="check_moblie">用手机看<em class="isj "></em><em class="emline"></em></span> </div> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="http://static.bshare.cn/b/buttonLite.js#style=-1&uuid=&pophcol=2&lang=zh"></script> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="http://static.bshare.cn/b/bshareC0.js"></script> </section> <div class="mobile_qrview"> <div class="in"> <img 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